2.2 Analyse How Children and Young People’s Development Is...

Poverty and Deprivation – The area a child grows up in has an effect, for example if a child is brought up on a council estate in poor housing they are more likely to have health problems. If parents are not working or have low income jobs they are likely to buy cheaper food and usually this means lower quality which can lead to health problems. Children and their families may have lower expectations. They might settle for the life that id mapped out. If a child lives in high rise flats or appartments they have less oppportunities to play. In poor quality housing there may not be a garden or safe playing area. This is reducing the childs opportunities to develop their physical gross motor skills. This of course is not always the case†¦show more content†¦Looked after/care status – †¢ This again could have a huge influence as a lot of looked after children are moved around regularly. This will effect their education enormously. Separation and attachment issues are quite often the cause of many reasons not to want to be in school. This is constantly worked on by schools to find the best way to include these children in school and to be able to give them a good standard of education. Education – †¢ If for example a child has not attended a nursery or play group in their early years this can often set them back from what development stage they should be at when attending school. This could be the lack of nursery places, not good enough teachers to the child having a learning disability that has not been identified yet. 2.3 Explain how theories of development and frameworks to support development influence current practice. ï‚Ÿ Albert Bandura - imitating/copying other. ï‚Ÿ Burrhus Skinner - learning is affected by awars and punishments. ï‚Ÿ Jean Piaget - children actively involved in their learning. ï‚Ÿ Shabhna Jerome - active in own learning, develop different ways of thinking at different stages. ï‚Ÿ Lev Vygotsky- Zone of ProximalShow MoreRelatedTDA 3.2 organisation in schools Essay3183 Words   |  13 PagesCommunication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults Knowledge skill 3 2 2 A/601/3326 TDA 3.2 Schools as organisations Knowledge 3 3 3 F/601/4073 TDA 3.3 Support learning activities Knowledge skill 3 4 4 A/601/4069 TDA 3.4 Promote children and young people’s positive behaviour Knowledge skill 3 3 5 H/601/4065 TDA 3.5 Develop professional relationships with children, young people and adults Knowledge skill 3 Read MoreLeadership for Health and Social Care and Children65584 Words   |  263 PagesQUALIFICATION HANDBOOK Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (England) (3978-51/52/53/54/55/56) December 2011 Version 2.1 (July 2011) Qualification at a glance Subject area City Guilds number Age group approved Entry requirements Assessment Fast track Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (England) 3978 19+ There are no entry requirements Portfolio of Evidence, PracticalRead MoreUnderstand Child and Young Persons Development 0-19 Essay example3909 Words   |  16 PagesCYP | Units Criteria | ‘’We are moulded by and re-moulded by those who have loved us; and though the love may pass, we are nevertheless their work for good or ill’’ ( Francois Mairlac) 1. Explain the sequence of development that would normally be expected in children and young people from birth to -19 years.Children have certain basic, physical and psychological needs and if these needs are not met then growth psychological developmental will be distorted in many ways. Everyone needs shelterRead MoreUnderstanding Childrens Development4879 Words   |  20 PagesUnderstanding Children and Young Person’s Development Outcome 1 - Understand the pattern of development that would normally be expected for children and young people from birth - 19 years. 1.1 Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development that would normally be expected in children and young people from birth-19 years 1.2 Analyse the difference between sequence of development and rate of development and why the distinction is important 1.3 Analyse the reasons why children and youngRead MoreLearning and Social Care Essay examples30870 Words   |  124 PagesCACHE Qualification Specification CACHE Level 3 Diploma for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) CACHE Level 3 Diploma for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) CACHE  © Copyright 2011 All rights reserved worldwide.    Reproduction by approved CACHE centres is permissible for internal use under the following conditions: CACHE has provided this Qualification Specification in Microsoft Word format to enable its Centres to use its content more flexibly within their ownRead MoreEssay on Level 3 Childrens and Young Peoples Workforce Assignment 0234376 Words   |  18 PagesOverview Introduction This assignment is intended to provide evidence of a candidate’s knowledge and understanding of children and young people’s development birth to 19 years. By completing all tasks within the assignment, the candidate will provide evidence that meets the Learning Outcomes and assessment criteria for Unit 022, Understand Child and Young Person Development. Tasks There are five tasks to this assignment. A Complete tables; Questions B Complete table; Report C Report Read MoreUnderstand Child Young Person Development7660 Words   |  31 PagesAssignment Overview Introduction This assignment is intended to provide evidence of a candidate’s knowledge and understanding of children and young people’s development birth to 19 years. By completing all tasks within the assignment, the candidate will provide evidence that meets the Learning Outcomes and assessment criteria for Unit 022, Understand Child and Young Person Development. Tasks There are five tasks to this assignment. A Complete tables; Questions B Complete table; Report C Report D ReportRead MoreChildcare: Education and Subject Code Essay43120 Words   |  173 Pagesprofessional relationships with children, young people and adults _________________________ 8 Communication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults indicative content ___________ 9 Schools as organisations ____________________________________________________________ _____________ 10 Schools as organisations indicative content ___________________________________________________________ 11 Understand child and young person development ______________________________________________________Read More023 Understand Child and Young Person development6353 Words   |  26 PagesAssignment 023 Understand Child and Young Person Development Table 1: Physical development Age range Explain the sequence and rate of development 0-3 months When born, babies show innate reflexes, such as swallowing and sucking, rooting reflex, grasp reflex, startle reflex, walking and standing reflex; in the first month babies become less curled up and the startle reflex is starting to fade; toward the end of the third month babies start lifting and turning their heads. 3-6 months Read MoreUnit 1 Qcf Level 3 Essay9585 Words   |  39 PagesUnit 1: Understand Child and Young Person Development Unit code: CYP Core 3.1 Unit reference number: L/601/1693 QCF level: 3 Credit value: 4 1.1 Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth – 19 years The sequence of development of a child and young person is divided into five different aspects. They include: Physical, social, communication, intellectual and cognitive, emotional and behavioural and moral development. Since every child develops at a different

William Faulkner s Bride Comes From Yellow Sky - 1202 Words

Authors have to work to intrigue readers to continue reading. It’s not an easy task, but they manage, as when they leave a reader wondering â€Å"why,† it adds suspense to a reader while they read. The reader starts to anticipate what would happen next and continue to wonder. The author keeps the reader interested and works better for the story. Two authors that incorporate suspense into their stories are Stephen Crane (Bride Comes to Yellow Sky) and William Faulkner (A Rose for Emily). The suspense is included in both stories, by the stories point of view, organization and inevitable change. The points of view in which the stories are told, initiates the suspense which is incorporated into the reader. In Bride Comes to Yellow Sky, Crane added†¦show more content†¦Would he still be respect by the town? As for A Rose for Emily, Faulkner incorporated suspense by the narrator’s voice, due to the lack of knowledge the reader had of Emily, the reader questions everything that occurs. It makes the reader want to know more of Emily, and what made her so isolated from the town. The entire town people gossiped about her, which lets the reader know the entire town was very judgmental and petty on how they waited for her death. The people of the town came out to be discriminating, judgmental, and nosy, but this added to the suspense on what really went on with Emily. No one really knew why she isolated herself, why there was a horrible smell around Emily’s house, and as well no one was ever seen to go in or out of her house. All these questions made it suspens eful for answers. The organization of the stories is essential to the suspense of these two stories by Crane and Faulkner. In Bride Comes to Yellow sky, the authors incorporate suspense into the characters, which bounces back and forth between the characters. The reader gets to understand each character, as for Jack Potter he’s scared on how he will be perceived by others, due to him being married now, instead of him being married to only his job. As well Scratchy Wilson, the suspense is definitely added to his character because he’s drunk and is going around Yellow Sky shooting, and challenging anyone to have a gunfight. No one dares to

Parenting Styles free essay sample

We believe our children are the future. How do we ensure that we can provide them with all the essential tools to make it as productive adults? Can we produce responsible, loving and caring, respectable individuals to take our place in governing the world? There are a few ways that have been described in the molding of future adults. Parenting styles control the outcome of each individual child and can determine how these children will develop into young adults. In this present day there have been studies to determine what aspects of parenting will yield the most effective and efficient individuals for our society. Parenting styles will dictate how a child will develop competence in dealing with the world. Parenting styles is a model of parental control developed by Diana Baumrind. In her research she determined that there are three descriptive model of parental control that differentiates parents on the basis of maintaining control over their children. (Erberg, Querido, Warner, 2002). According to our text, there are three parenting styles. These are Authoritarian parenting, Permissive Parenting and Authoritative parenting. Each is described as a style where different levels of parental control, guidance and influence are asserted. These different levels may have a direct association with a specific child or adolescent behaviors and affecting individual’s personal development and ability to deal with the outside world as adults. When we consider how our parents raise their children, do we say they know what it takes to properly prepare them for what they will face outside the home? We can say that as parents we try to bring our children up as best we can. Authoritarian Parenting emphasizes on control through strict discipline and obedience. Permissive parenting emphasizes on self-expression and self-regulation with few demands or expectations placed on the child. Authoritative parenting is a style where the parents want to respect individuality but also have a certain level of expectation and a set of standards for conduct. It has a key aspect of reasoning that governs a reciprocal relationship between parent and child. Parental and child involvement and nurturing create a higher level of competence in facing developmental and environmental challenges. After describing what parenting styles are and where it derived from, we can look at an actual group and their parenting style. We may see the differences between parenting styles and outcomes derived from these differences. In my article reviews, I will look at African America families’ parenting style and paternal involvement to determine how it affects young children’s behavior. Although there are many African American families across America, most have a closely related socioeconomic status and live in urban areas where the same models of parenting must be used. According to Jay Fagan, â€Å"African-American and Puerto Rican American Parenting Styles, Paternal Involvement and Head Start Children’s Social Competence,† there are cultural variations in parenting as adaptations to environments in which parents raise their children (Fagan, 592). In the inner cities across the United States, African American parents have to develop a parenting style that may not conform to that established and described previously. Although African American parents have been described as having a stricter parenting style similar to an authoritarian style, they must also have a variation of a more rigid authoritative parenting style. So a mixture of the two could be described as authoritative-authoritarian style. â€Å"Parenting styles that are viewed as less optimal in one cultural context may be necessary to cope with the realities of another cultural context (Fagan, 593). With all due respect to the research Baumrind performed and the development of her parenting styles models. African American parents create a parenting style that accounts for protecting their children from the harsh reality of inner city violence, poverty, and high levels of discrimination, unemployment and poor schooling. It must be described as a parenting style that develops based on their cultural context and environment in which they live. Parents that develop a parenting style based on their environment show a level of control over their circumstances. These parents attempt to develop a parenting style that will be effective in not just nurturing their children but keeping them safe in an environment different than that of their European counterparts. Therefore the parent-child relationship is dependent not only on factors that will produce positive behavior but also will facilitate survival in a world that has layers that must be navigated in order to achieve the success of producing a socially competent individual. â€Å"African American parents may feel that it is far more mportant to socialize their children to survive in a society where racism is prevalent. Thus, socializing children to respect authority may be of greater importance than socializing them to value individual differences (Fagan, 597). † This is described previous as an adaptation of normative parenting styles. The development of a parenting style which uses a combination of control and parent-child involvement to create behaviors that facilitate survival in an opposing world. In developing behaviors necessary to survive, African American parents have a stricter parenting style. They may not always be able to utilitize all of the aspects of one specific parenting style based on safety needs or survival while facing different adversities. African American parents place a high value on respect of authority while also displaying high levels of support and expression of emotions (Fagan, 594). Fagan’s study focused on three parenting style variables nurturance, responsiveness and a measure of predictability of structure. All three of these variables must be used to survive in the parent and child’s environment. African American parents must maintain a higher level of control to provide a safe environment either internally or externally based on a violent surrounding area. In order to develop trusting relations the use of nurturance and responsiveness to child’s needs creates a well mannered and behaved child. The predictability of structure is necessary because of the lack of margin for error in terms of safely developing a child to be prepared for outside environment. Fagan compared African American and Puerto Rican families and their parenting styles to determine the differences of any measures they need to survive in their individual environments. He determined that there are similarities in each but African American parents are more authoritarian in an attempt to control the outcome of their child’s survival. This ultimately contributes to developing a more obedient and less rebellious child. His study also attempts to take in account the father’s role in development of parenting styles. It concludes the addition of fathers does not change the outcome of parenting styles because each culturally diverse aspect tends to have a different value system and faces different levels of challenges (Fagan, 597). Other challenges such as paternal employment, income levels and extended family involvement may play a role in developing parenting styles hold a lesser importance than developing behavior that facilitates safety and survival. This journal article has given me insight of the challenges of African American parents face while attempting to raise a child. Their parenting style must be framed to develop a child behavior that facilitates survival facing inner city violence, racial discrimination, poverty and general inequality. Many factors play a role in development of a parenting style but particularly for African American parents you look at a mixture of parenting styles to facilitate survival and development of behavior that focuses on their priorities. In the journal article, â€Å"Parenting Styles and Child Behavior in African American Families of Preschool Children,† written by Jane G. Querido, Tamara D. Warner, and Sheila M. Eyberg, it is hypothesized that the authoritative parenting style was most predictive of fewer child behavior problems. They take the information gathered through parenting practice questionnaires given to 108 African American female caregivers with preschool children, ages 3 to 6. Using a demographic questionnaire, the ECBI report measure of disruptive behavior, the AAAS-33 measuring 10 dimensions of African American culture, and the PSD report measure of parenting practices, data was collected and a correlation analysis was performed using the variables of maternal education, income and the three parenting styles. This journal article was a brief report that attempts to predict the occurrence of childhood behavior issues in African American families based on the different parenting styles. The authors compare the parenting styles of Hispanic Americans, Japanese Americans, European Americans and African Americans. According to their studies, Hispanic parents favored authoritarian and punitive style in comparison of European Americans. Japanese Americans favor respectful and well-mannered children and European Americans children were more â€Å"self-directed and tolerant, (Querido, Warner, Eyberg, 272). While they describe African American families placing greater emphasis on sharing parental responsibilities among community members and use of physical punishment more frequently as in an authoritarian style more than European American parents. African American parents do not experience the same backlash of negative behavioral outcomes from children with punitive punishment as European American parents. There is not a reasoning provided behind this other than the word â€Å"frequently† as in developing a conditioned response to punitive punishment in African American children. There are more instances of externalized behavior in European American parents that used authoritarian style versus the same number of African American parents using same parenting style. This is shown in a study performed first by Baumrind and later studied by a group led by Deater- Deaker in1986 (Querido, Warner, Eyeberg, 272-273. ) Showing European American mothers experience more negative outcomes from their form of punitive punishment than that of African American parents. After completion of questionnaires, the evidence is correlated based on the variables. It is concluded that the variables of maternal education and income play a major factor in choice or development of a parenting style. Female caregivers with less education and income reported an increase in behavior issues and were seen to use more permissive parenting and authoritarian parenting styles. Although the authors hypothesized that authoritative parenting provided the best behavioral outcome, it is stated the African American authoritarian style with the use of punitive punishment is not associated with negative behavioral problems. These differences were challenged as children grew into adolescents. The outcome is that which is hypothesized with authoritative parenting producing better behavioral in all cultural diversities. While this journal article attempts to survey African American parents’ parenting styles and child behavior, it fails to show a definitive correlation based on all parenting styles. The authors tend to favor their hypothesis. Although it seems they used proper investigative techniques all of the conclusions seem to lean towards their endorsement of authoritative parenting. The definition of authoritative parenting makes it the apparent choice by definition alone. Some evidence gathered proves that with variable factors included a variation of this definition works based on cultural differences. This is proven by the difference in use of punitive punishment in African American homes versus European American homes with its effectiveness in controlling child behavior, either through conditioning or education. In conclusion, this article jumps from proving a difference in the use of authoritarian parenting and punitive punishment in different cultural backgrounds to defining that the opposite form of parenting, authoritative parenting, is more effective. It fails to describe how the opposite is more effective by not providing readers with proof or actual questions asked to determine a conclusion proving hypothesis. Even by adding the different variables it only shows one cultural group affected by the variables and how these variables affect these people and their children. It is almost always evident that every parent must pattern their parenting style around the child and positive growth based on that child’s needs. All factors of each parenting style and environmental factors should be considered in providing a foundation to establish a positive child behavior.

O Canada! Our Home and Native Land! Sample Essay Example For Students

O Canada! Our Home and Native Land! Sample Essay Canada is known as a multicultural state in which the great portion of the population is made by the in-migration. Within the open-door policies. the per centum of in-migration of Canada has increased dramatically late. Then. with the cultural diverseness background. whether Canada has a mix-up â€Å"messy† civilization or non. Likewise. will the immigrants be confused because of taking to follow their ain civilization or Canadian civilization? In â€Å"Immigrant Integration in Canada and the United States. † Harles quotes Kymlicka’s claim. â€Å"Canada does better than virtually any other state in the universe in the integrating of immigrants† ( 223 ) . By and large talking. the bulk of immigrants and new Canadians can maintain their ain civilization and besides blend into the society while life in a multicultural state like Canada. As a affair of fact. they have the support from the Government under the â€Å"Multiculturalism Act† policy. and from the local Canadians with their open-minded attitudes. Furthermore. every bit long as they keep in touch with their ain little community in Canada while being involved in Canadian civilization. they will be considered to be Canadians and besides non distance themselves from their ain civilization. First of all. under â€Å"The Canadian Multiculturalism Act† policy. which has been effectual since 1988. all people who immigrated to Canada have the right to maintain their ain beginning. and so they feel free to incorporate to Canadian civilization. This policy states that all people have the rights to â€Å"enjoy their ain civilization. pattern their ain faith. and utilize their ain language† ; and besides. â€Å"the Government of Canada is committed to continuing and heightening our multicultural heritage and to working for the equal entree and full engagement of all Canadians in all aspects of our society† ( Canada 6 ) . Additionally. Clauses 3 ( 1 ) ( a ) and ( B ) â€Å"affirm that multiculturalism is a cardinal feature of our Canadian identity† ( Canada 13 ) . Therefore. the new Canadians can maintain their ain civilization and adapt to the new civilization at the same clip ; this creates an cultural diverseness in Canada. Against this policy is t he article â€Å"No Place Like Home† by Neil Bissoondath. He argues about two false premises of this Act ; these are â€Å"culture could be transplanted† and the immigrants â€Å"wish to transport their civilization of origin† ( 363 ) . However. at the first point. multiculturalism does non intend â€Å"culture transplanting† . it means incorporating to the new civilization. it helps the immigrants feel like place and get the better of the civilization daze for a period of clip. Furthermore. with the 2nd point. he acknowledges about the point of out-migration is that people one time immigrate to another state. they throw out all of their yesteryear. In fact. it is perfectly true. but. finally. the more people get older. the more they want to come back to their ain beginning. Then. â€Å"The Multiculturalism Act† is helpful for immigrants to keep the ain civilization. Discover another side of integrating issue. Peach claims. â€Å"There are two chief theories about the manner in which the adjustment of minority groups within a province may be achieved: assimilation and multiculturalism† ( 3 ) . Opposing to the multiculturalism is assimilation. which happens in the United States. for illustration. In America. they treat all immigrants as if they are from the same state. have the same civilization ; they ignore the minorities. Compared to Canada’s civilization. America’s is called â€Å"Melting Pot† while Canada is â€Å"Mosaic† . â€Å"Melting Pot† is merely explained as â€Å"melting together† ; all different elements become one. which is monoculture. Conversely. â€Å"mosaic† is the mix of cultural civilizations ; all exist in the same topographic point. and it is called multiculture. Which one is better? Each state has each policy which is appropriate to its citizenship. However. in fact. people decidedly can non be isolated themselves from their ain ethnicity. Furthermore. whether or non. an wantonness is better than an encouragement. In world. if people are encouraged to maintain their ain civilization. so they feel free to be involved in another civilization because uniting the old and new civilizations is the proper manner to acquire along with the new one. In brief. the new Canadians are supported by the Government to set themselves between two diff erent civilizations. Furthermore. with the credence attitude of local people. the fledglings to Canada can likely retain their cultural heritage every bit good as adapt to the Canadian behavior and life style. For illustration. in some traditional festivals of the minorities. local Canadians are really aroused and interested in ; they besides join in those activities. .ub79ff7c2edceb3d35fea082254df0407 , .ub79ff7c2edceb3d35fea082254df0407 .postImageUrl , .ub79ff7c2edceb3d35fea082254df0407 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub79ff7c2edceb3d35fea082254df0407 , .ub79ff7c2edceb3d35fea082254df0407:hover , .ub79ff7c2edceb3d35fea082254df0407:visited , .ub79ff7c2edceb3d35fea082254df0407:active { border:0!important; } .ub79ff7c2edceb3d35fea082254df0407 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub79ff7c2edceb3d35fea082254df0407 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub79ff7c2edceb3d35fea082254df0407:active , .ub79ff7c2edceb3d35fea082254df0407:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub79ff7c2edceb3d35fea082254df0407 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub79ff7c2edceb3d35fea082254df0407 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub79ff7c2edceb3d35fea082254df0407 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub79ff7c2edceb3d35fea082254df0407 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub79ff7c2edceb3d35fea082254df0407:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub79ff7c2edceb3d35fea082254df0407 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub79ff7c2edceb3d35fea082254df0407 .ub79ff7c2edceb3d35fea082254df0407-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub79ff7c2edceb3d35fea082254df0407:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How to buy a used car EssayFurthermore. now there are some private companies offer yearss off for workers if they are in their ain vacations. such as the Lunar New Year of South-East Asiatic states. However. the favoritism still exists in some ways. In the study Finally. within the support from the new state. the immigrants should besides pattern their cultural traditions non to bury their roots while life in Canada for a long clip. Once immigrating to another state. people expect to be considered as local people. feel like place in the new topographic point. When clip goes by. the more they are involved in the new civilization. the more they forget their cultural traditio n. Then. retaining their ain civilization and besides accommodating to the Canadian civilization at the clip is necessary for the new Canadians. They can likely make it with the points mentioned supra. Briefly speech production. because â€Å"everything has two sides† . there are some jobs still exist and somehow can impact the immigrants’ attitudes. nevertheless. every bit long as they are under the Government’s policy. hold a manus of local people. and maintain the interaction between their ain civilization and themselves. they can blend up the â€Å"culture solution† but non fade out into each other. Plants Cited Bissoondath. Neil. â€Å"No Place Like Home. † New Internationalist. September 1998. Rpt. in Strategies for Successful Writing: A Rhetoric. Research Guide. Reader. and Handbook. Fourth Canadian Edition. Eds. James A Reinking et Al. Toronto: Pearson Canada. 2010. 363-367. Print. Canada. Multiculturalism and Heritage Canada. The Canadian Multiculturalism Act. Otawa: Minister of Supplies and Services. 1990. Print. Frideres. J. S. University of Calgary. â€Å"Immigrants. Integration and the Intersection of Identities. † Metropolis – Canadian National Site. 25 August 2002. Web. 3 Dec 2010. Harles. John C. â€Å"Immigrant Integration in Canada and the United States. † American Review of Canadian Studies 34. 2 ( 2004 ) : 223-258. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 3 Dec 2010. Isajiw. Wsevolod W. . et al. â€Å"Ethnic-Identity Retention. † Ethnic Identity and Equality: Assortments of Experience in a Canadian City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 199 0. Print. Mount Allison University. â€Å"About Canada – Multiculturalism in Canada† . The Centre for Canadian Studies. N/D. Web. 5. Dec 2010. Peach. Ceri. â€Å"The Mosaic Versus the Melting Pot: Canada and the USA. † ScottishGeographical Journal 121. 1 ( 2005 ) : 3-27. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 3 Dec 2010. Raymond. Brenton. et Al. â€Å"The Ethnic Group as a Political Resource in Relation to Problems of Incorporation: Perceptsand Attitudes. † Ethnic Identity and Equality: Assortments of Experience in a Canadian City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1990. Print.